By Kevin Maney, USA TODAY
SAN DIEGO — Rarely is an invention so unique,
so visceral and so simple that in 15 seconds most people who experience
it realize it could alter everyday life.
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But that's what happens to just about anyone who
steps out to the back parking lot of American Technology Corp. (ATC)
here for a demonstration of its invention called HyperSonic Sound (HSS).
Essentially, HSS for the first time does for
sound what the laser did for light — intensely focuses and channels it
so it can travel great distances without dispersing. In the demo, a
technician points a speaker the size of a cereal box at someone standing
100 yards away. Amid the din of the nearby freeway, the technician
plays a recording of ice cubes clinking into a glass.
To the listener, the sound comes across as if it
were through headphones, totally unlike a sound blaring from a distant
speaker over oppressive car noise. Take two steps to the side, out of
the sound beam, and you hear nothing at all. Step back in, and there it
is again.
"I am certain that in time, HSS will be used
everywhere," says Dionyssis Angelopoulos of Athens, Greece. He read
about HSS, came to San Diego to hear it and went back to his Greek
company to build it into commercial sound systems.
Though the technology is still years from
becoming mainstream, HSS could be used to make laptop speakers that
blare music to the person in front of the screen, while no one else
could hear it. It could allow a grocery store to play audio
advertisements that seem to come from, say, the display of Duracell
batteries, yet the ad could be heard only by the shopper in front of the
display. An HSS-equipped car could play one CD for the parents up front
and another for kids in the back. Neither would hear even a whisper of
the others' music.
The technology is winning believers from Wal-Mart
to McDonald's, Fox television, the Los Angeles Police Department,
Procter & Gamble, the U.S. Navy and Cirque de Soleil. It is looking
into whether HSS could be used to communicate instructions, midact, from
the ground to a trapeze artist without the audience hearing. Companies
are experimenting with HSS in TVs, rock concerts, museums, war and
airport gates. Imagine hearing only your flight's announcements. In
2002, Popular Science magazine awarded HSS the grand prize for inventions. The Segway personal transporter took second.
"It offers huge benefits over your standard
speaker systems," says Sony executive Simon Beesley, who is working on
HSS in commercial settings, such as stores or restaurants. "The
technology is in its infancy, but I am sure it will very quickly
expand."
As it does, HSS will probably rattle the speaker
industry, which has been selling a variation of the same technology for
nearly 80 years. The impact could be like that of the jet engine on
propeller planes or the PC on the mainframe — a major shift that ushers
in an era.
Another hit for inventor
The ideas behind the technology have been around
for decades. But HSS-style speakers had never been more than lab
experiments — too costly and unwieldy to become a product. ATC is the
first to make it practical, industry experts say.
Actually, ATC's technology pops from the mind of
Woody Norris, a throwback to old school tinkerers like Thomas Edison or
Ben Franklin. He didn't go to college and instead learned basic
electronics while in the Air Force.
Often boastful about his capabilities, he claims
to be something of an inventor savant. On his Web site
(www.woodynorris.com), he says, "You know how some people can play the
piano, they just pick out notes? I've always had that ability with
electronics."
Norris, 64, has had some major successes. In the
1960s, he worked out the basic technology behind the sonogram,
eventually selling it to a medical company that turned it into the
devices used to give expectant mothers a first glimpse of their babies.
In the 1980s, Norris created a microphone that picks up a person's voice
through the vibrations in the bones in his or her head. He sold that
for $1.5 million, and it became the Jabra all-in-one cell phone headsets
now on the market. The microphone is actually in the earpiece.
Norris formed ATC in 1980 as a vehicle for
marketing his inventions. Around 1995, he began working on HSS. "I had
the idea probably 20 years ago," he says.
Norris got it from color television. A color TV
screen has only three colors — red, blue and green— but tricks the eye
into seeing other colors by mixing those three in the air as the light
travels from the set. That led Norris to consider making sounds by
mixing other sounds.
He also knew that the waves of ultrasonic sound —
a far higher pitch than the ear can detect — can travel farther and
stay more focused than waves at lower pitches. So, Norris found a way to
make two slightly different ultrasonic waves carry information about a
sound, somewhat the way radio waves carry music from an FM station.
When the waves encounter a solid object or
person, they slow, distort and crash together. The result is the
ultrasonic waves re-create the original sound in the air around the
object, so humans can hear it. So, sound from a distant HSS speaker
seems like it's right at your ears because it's actually being created
right at your ears. If you step out of the beam, the waves have nothing
to distort and mix them, so the inaudible ultrasonic waves slide
silently past.
The wave-mixing characteristic of HSS has another
effect: Aim an HSS speaker at a solid object like a wall, and the two
waves mix at the object. In an ATC demo room, CEO Jim Irish plays music
on an HSS speaker and aims the speaker at a back wall. The music seems
to come from the wall, not the speaker. Point it at a door, and the
music seems to come from the door.
Unlimited possibilities
The last key property of HSS is its ability to
focus sound. The ultrasonic waves don't dissipate, traveling pretty much
straight ahead. So sound from an HSS speaker can travel 150 yards
without distortion or loss of volume, while anyone outside the path
hears nothing.
Traditional speakers work very differently. They
send out audible sound waves that quickly disperse, filling a room with
sound and weakening as they go. So the sound fades as you get farther
from the speaker.
The properties of HSS are so fundamentally new that Norris predicts "an explosion of invention" around the focusing of sound.
How about an HSS megaphone? A beach lifeguard
could warn a swimmer who was too far out. Over the crashing of waves,
the swimmer would clearly hear the lifeguard's instructions. Norris
mischievously warns that such megaphones would have to be banned from
pro sports games. "Someone in the stands could use it to razz one player
he didn't like," says Norris, who has used HSS to spook neighborhood
kids on Halloween.
More seriously, the Navy is trying HSS on an
aircraft carrier, where the noise of jets can otherwise drown out orders
coming from ordinary speakers. Police SWAT teams are interested in the
technology's ability to make sound seem like it's coming from a far wall
or window. They might be able to project sounds that fool suspects into
thinking a raid is coming from another direction, then storm in by
surprise.
In hospitals, an HSS TV could allow one patient
to watch a show without bothering the other patient in the room. In
restaurants or clubs, music could be focused at patrons but remain
unheard outside the building. Wal-Mart is interested in HSS for store
advertising, Sony for everything from TVs to industrial sound systems.
Investors attuned to profits
As HSS wins converts, ATC is trying to turn it
into a business. The company spent the past seven years and $44 million
developing the technology.
When Irish was hired as CEO earlier this year, he
found the company had no sales organization, no ability to mass-produce
products, and a long history of not making money on its inventions. It
has only 30 employees in a generic office park on San Diego's outskirts.
A public company, ATC also has a long list of shareholders who have
been losing patience. The stock bounced above $10 a share in 2000 but
now lingers around $3.
"I'm bringing business standards to a company
that needed some reining in," Irish says. He has cut costs, hired a
sales staff, cut a deal with a contract manufacturer in Mexico and
rushed the prototype R220A HSS speaker into production while developing
more refined models. Each R220A — targeted more for industrial use —
costs about $600, and ATC expects prices to drop quickly.
The company is also beginning to market a couple
of other sound technologies, including one called High Intensity
Directed Acoustic (HIDA), which can generate sound waves so intense that
they can instantly incapacitate a human. The military is interested.
At first, ATC plans to sell HSS for niche
applications and other uses that don't directly challenge the
conventional speaker industry.
"Later, we'll go after mainstream speakers,"
Norris says. HSS speakers won't challenge conventional speakers for all
uses. In many cases — such as a home stereo, rock concert or movie — the
point is to fill the room with sound. HSS makes sense only where
focusing sound makes sense.
Help for the blind
Nobody is debating whether the technology works —
it does. And given the enthusiasm at Sony and other companies, HSS will
make its way into products of all kinds.
In the meantime, suggestions pour into ATC daily.
"I just got an e-mail from a blind man," Irish says. The e-mail said
HSS could improve the chirping sounds used in crossing signals to guide
blind people through intersections. The sound could be channeled only
along the crosswalk.
"Then you'd know that if you walked out of the sound, you'd walked out of the crosswalk," Irish says, quoting the e-mail.
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